Learning Family Studies Egyptian Tombs & Mummies

Saqqara, Jan 19; Valley of the Kings, Jan 27

On our first day in Luxor we went across the Nile to the west bank to the famous Valley of the Kings. This is the place where the Pharaohs of the late Middle-Kingdom and the New Kingdom were buried, when the capitol of Egypt was in the ancient city of Thebes.

This picture is at the mouth of "KV5," the last tomb to be discovered in the Valley of the Kings. The man in the khaki pants under the canopy is Kent Weeks, noted archaeologist who teaches Egyptology at American University in Cairo, the place where Susan's brother Jonathan is going to school.  The KV5 tomb is full of stuff, but is not open to tourists because archaeological work is still going on there.  It is believed that the tomb was used for many of Ramses II's children. Ramses II had eight wives and over 100 children.. They have found 108 rooms in KV5, maybe one for each child?


Mummies & Pyramids
(Magic Tree House Research Guide, paper)

by Will Osborne, Mary Pope Osborne, Sal Murdocca (Illustrator)

Find Harrison and Amanda in this book!

King Tut's Tomb

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by Harrison

I think that "King Tut's Tomb" (replica at Pharonic Village) really looked like the original. It was very much like the real things in the Antiquities Museum, except some things, like the gold coffin, were smaller than the real ones. We didn't get to see the real mummy of Tut, so it was cool to see the replica.

Cover Image Unavailable

The Discovery of the Tomb of Tutankhamun
by Howard Carter

Is there really a curse of King Tut? by Amanda

There wasn't really a curse written on any of the walls of King Tut's tomb, but people really did die after entering the tomb. When the tomb was first opened, the walls were covered with a greenish-brown fungus. People who entered would breathe the spores, and get a disease in their lungs that made it so they couldn't get enough oxygen. The fungus was called "Asparilis Niger." It probably lived in the tomb from the time it was sealed. The fungus would eat the paint on the walls and stuff in the tomb. It is cleaned up now, and nobody dies just because they went in there.

The curse story came from the London newspapers that weren't allowed to tell about the discovery of the tomb. When Lord Canarvon died, they made up the rumor of a the curse to sell papers.

COLOR ME! Click on this image of King Tut's funeral mask at the right for the full size picture, then print and color it!

Tomb of Mereruka at Saqqara

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Mereruka was a weathly aid to King Teti I. This statue is of him as a young man. You can tell because he is wearing a short kilt. Long kilts indicate an older man.


The Lost Tomb
by Kent Weeks

Uncle Jon tries to read some of the inscriptions.

Every inch of every wall (and ceiling) were just covered with carvings of pictures and hieroglyphs.

Egyptian Mummies

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Why did the ancient Egyptians begin making mummies in the first place? One theory comes from a discovery of a 5,000 year old mummy in the desert west of Cairo (British Museum). It was buried directly in the sand and naturally dried out before it coult decay.

Mummies made in Egypt
by Aliki

You can learn why the ancient Egyptians made mummies if you read this book. They believed that the body had to be preserved for the "Ba" and the "Ka" to recoginize it, and live forever.

Replica of King Tut'ankhamun's mummy at the Pharonic Village.
Papyrus with text of the Book of the Dead written in Hieratic (c.1000bce from the Vatican Museum). The Book of the Dead was filled with procedures that the dead were to follow in order to assure their successful journey to the next life.

Harrison and Amanda learn about mummies at the Vatican Musuem. We were able to look at mummies of a noble man and wife close up, though only the face and the hands were exposed. The woman's hair had been died red with "Henne" and one of her eyes was stuffed with linen after her brain was removed through the opening.

A mummy was supposed to exist forever. As long as the mummy was in good shape and recognizable, the spirit (ka) and the invisible twin of the person (ba) would live forever. They left food for the ba in the tombs. Here are pictures of grains of wheat and barley, preserved with the noble mummy, and some pieces of bread.
Valley of the Golden Mummies

by Zahi A. Hawass
Monkey mummy at the Egyptian Antiquities Museum. It could have been a favorite pet. They mummified cats, fish and birds, too. These were probably symbols for the deceased to take with them on the journey to the afterlife.

What Amanda learned about Egyptian Tombs

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The tombs looked like underground houses, with many rooms inside and flat roofs outside. We went inside several tombs at Saqarra, near the ancient capitol of Memphis.

COLOR ME! Click on this image of priests preparing a mummy for burial to see the full size picture, then print and color it!

There were carvings everywhere.  The ones that were on the outside of the tomb were carved deep into the stone.  This is called etching.  They did this so the sand blowing in the wind wouldn't scrape the picture off and so they would show up well in sunlight.
The inside of the tomb had carvings that stuck out of the wall.  These were called "Bas Relief."  Sometimes they were carved into the wall, even though it was inside, because it was like a false door to the afterlife.  At the bottom of these false doors there was a stone table that they put food on for the ka.  The mummy was buried under the table.
Tomb inside the pyramid of Teti I at Saqqara.

 

Harrison's notes from Valley of the Kings

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We went to the tombs at the Valley of the Kings, near Luxor, in the middle of Egypt.  In ancient times it was called Thebes.  We saw the tombs of Ramses III,  Ramses I, and Tuthmoses III.  We also saw the temples of Hatchepsut and Ramses II, which was called the Rameseum.  Hatchepsut was the first woman to be Pharaoh of Egypt.

This is a picture of all of us inside the tomb of Ramses I.  Ramses I was the first 19th Dynasty Pharaoh, and only reigned for one year. It was a very small, one room tomb.

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Mummies, A Peculiar History
by Nathaniel Harris
The intermediate reader's guide to mummification from prehistoric times to modern cryogenics.

Susan's Valley of the Kings Report

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Rob's thoughts about Egyptian Tombs

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Egyptian Mummies
by Bob Brier

Links

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  • National Geographic Online - Egypt - A high quality site. The online version of the February 1923 National Geographic Magazine issue that covered the opening of the Tomb of Tut' ankhamun. Great presentation, which means a lot of graphics. It is slow to load, but very, very interesting.
  • The Clickable Mummy - Study the mummy process with a clickable picture of a Roman period mummy.
  • Make a Mummy with National Geographic Online - See how a modern scientist learns the ancient methods of mummification.
  • Art of Embalming - Sara is a sophomore at Purdue University. This is an interesting report about embalming, then and now.
  • Seven Steps to Immortality - The process of making a mummy at Egypt.com

Resources

Check these out from your local library, or buy them here. When you buy books here, you get the same great Amazon.com price, and help keep these pages going.

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For Younger Readers

For Older Readers

Mummies made in Egypt by Aliki
You can learn why the ancient Egyptians made mummies if you read this book. They believed that the body had to be preserved for the "Ba" and the "Ka" to recoginize it, and live forever.

Tutankamun's Arrow by Karen Wallace (illus. Chris Fisher), Harper Collins, ISBN 000-675361-2
Lucy and Joe find themselves in the time of Tutankamun, trying to unravel their own mystery.

Mummies, A Peculiar History by Nathaniel Harris
The intermediate reader's guide to mummification from prehistoric times to modern cryogenics.

The Valley of the Kings (Diggin up the past) by Peter A Clayton
The history of discovery of the Valley of the Kings. 45 pages cover the first discoveries, brief histories of some of the major Pharaohs, and photos.

Egyptian Mummies by Carol Andrews
This book is a great introduction to the world of Egyptian mummies for intermediate readers. 72 pages with many photos or illustrations, explains the setting and ceremonies used in making mummies in ancient Egypt, and gives a step-by-step review of the processes.

The Complete Valley of the Kings: Tombs and Treasures of Egypt's Greatest Pharaohs
by C. N. Reeves, Richard H. Wilkinson
The title says it all. Well organized information and plenty of high quality pictures of every tomb in the Valley, plus covers much of Valley of the Queens, and the most significant members of the mummy collection. Really a beautifully done book

The Lost Tomb
by Kent Weeks
Called the "Mastermind of the Valley of the Kings," Weeks details his discoveries in the "KV5" tomb that Ramses II made for his children. The KV5 discovery has shed new light on our understanding of Ramses II, and given new perspectives on the history of the Valley. Some have said it is the second greatest discovery in the Valley, after the tomb of Tut'ankhamun. KV5 is not open to visitors because of continuing excavations. Very detailed, this book is for serious students of the Valley.

The Discovery of the Tomb of Tutankhamun
by Howard Carter
This is Howard Carter's own account of the discovery of what is now the most famous pharaoh.

Valley of the Golden Mummies
by Zahi A. Hawass

Egyptian Mummies
by Bob Brier
This is a complete guide for understanding the purposes and processes involved in Egyptian mummification. They try out their theories of preservation by making a real mummy today, while describing every detail, from the ceremonial rights to the removal of internal organs, from dessication to dedication of the tomb.